Pain - groin; Lower abdominal pain; Genital pain; Perineal pain

In males, the terms "groin" and "testicle" are sometimes used interchangeably. But what causes pain in one won't necessarily do so in the other.

Common causes of groin pain in men include:

• Enlarged lymph glands
• Epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis)
• Hernia
• Inflammation
• Kidney stone
• Leydig cell tumor (testicular tumor)
• Muscle pull
• Orchitis (inflammation of the testicle)
• Testicular torsion
• Superficial skin infection

Home care depends on the underlying cause. Follow your health care provider's recommendations.

Call your doctor if:

• You have persistent and unexplained groin pain, particularly if it is a burning pain
• Pain affects only one testicle for more than 3 hours
• Physical changes have occurred in the area, such as a testicular mass or skin discoloration
• There is blood in the urine

The doctor will perform a physical exam and ask questions about your medical history and symptoms, such as:

• Has you had an injury recently?
• Has there been a change in your activity, especially a recent strain, heavy lifting, or similar activity?
• When did the groin pain start?
• Is it increasing?
• Is it always present?
• What other symptoms do you have? For example, a groin lump, fever, swollen glands, or blood in the urine.
• Have you been exposed to any sexually transmitted diseases?

The physical examination will include examination of the groin area. A hidden hernia can be found in men by inserting one finger into the scrotal sac while asking the patient to cough. Coughing raises the pressure in the abdomen and pushes the loop of bowel into the hernia opening.

Tests that may be performed include:

• Urinalysis
• Routine blood tests such as a CBC or blood differential
• Ultrasound or other radiologic exam

Ferri FF. Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2007: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment. 9th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2007.

Wein AJ. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 9th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2007.